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[英语考试] 如何解题托业列举题

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发表于 2014-11-10 22:15:18 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  如何解题托业列举题
  一、问题形式列举题,也叫排除列举题,ETS称之为“否定事实信息题”(negativefactualinformationquestion)。基本形式如下:Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofX?
  Theauthor'sdescriptionofXmentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT
  二、解题技巧
  列举题的基本思路是排除,排除与原文相符的选项,与原文相矛盾的选项或原文未提到的选项是正确答案。注意问题中的否定词Not和EXCEPT.
  1.列举题的解题步骤
  1)看题干找关键词问题中有关键词的,可以根据它定位,然后将四个选项与定位的地方进行比较。如果没有关键词,可以先定位于上一个问题对应的段落之后的段落。
  2)阅读四个选项题干中没有线索的,可以阅读四个选项,总结其中的共同点进行定位,或者根据各个选项中的关键词一一进行定位。
  3)排除与原文相符的选项将各个选项与原文比较以后,排除其中符合原文意思的选项,剩下的一个选项,或者与原文相矛盾,或者在原文未提到,就是正确答案。更多的解题技巧也可关注北京新东方的托业强化班课程,采用ETS推荐的权威托业备考资料,名师授课,将考试技巧、能力提高相结合,渗透大量的商务背景知识,在迅速提高托业成绩的同时,强化提高学员运用商务英语的能力。
  2.列举的两种形式
  1)集中列举集中列举的形式有:三个名词或词汇连续出现,各个名词或词汇之间以逗号隔开;三个短语连续出现;三个句子连续出现。对于集中列举,只需根据题干或选项定位原文,排除在原文的集中列举之处出现的三个选项,剩下的一个选项为正确答案。例如:
  Theyusedthepotstheymadeforcooking,storingfood,andcarryingthingsfromplacetoplace.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasawaythatancientpeopleusedpottery?
  (A)Toholdfood.(B)Towashclothes.(C)Tocook.(D)Totransportobjects.
  2)分散列举分散列举的各项可能出现于同一段落之中,或分布于全文各段。对于分散列举,需要根据题干或选项定位原文,将各个选项与所对应的原文一一进行比较,在原文未提到或与原文相矛盾的选项为正确答案。例如:
  Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureisitsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarelyoffersoriginalideas.Insteaditpresentsthefamiliarinanewform.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.Whattheydoislookatfamiliarconditionsfromaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmfuloraffected.Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.DonQuixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd,BraveNewWorldridiculesthepretensionsofscience,AModestProposaldramatizesstarvationbyadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasisoriginal.ChivalrywassuspectbeforeCervantes,humanistsobjectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldousHuxleyandpeoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwift.Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideathatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwasthemannerofexpressionthesatiricmethodthatmadetheminterestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruousjuxtapositionandspeaksinapersonalidiominsteadofabstractplatitude.
  Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheylivedinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Satireservestoprodpeopleintoanawarenessoftruththoughrarelytoanyactiononbehalfoftruth.Satiretendstoremindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaissanctimonious,sentimental,andonlypartiallytrue.Liferesemblesinonlyaslightdegreethepopularimageofit.Soldiersrarelyholdtheidealsthatmoviesattributetothem,nordoordinarycitizensdevotetheirlivestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Intelligentpeopleknowthesethingsbuttendtoforgetthemwhentheydonothearthemexpressed.
  ThevariouspurposesofsatireincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT(A)introducingreaderstounfamiliarsituations(B)brushingawayillusions(C)remindingreadersofthetruth(D)exposingfalsevalues.
  这道列举题的选项分布于文中各处,是一道分散列举题。其中选项(B)对应第一段倒数第二句…theybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions,选项(C)对应第二段第三句:Satireservestoprodpeopleintoanawarenessoftruththoughrarelytoanyactiononbehalfoftruth,(D)对应第一段第五句:Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.(A)与原文第一段的意思“satire并无新意,只是表达独特”相矛盾,符合题意,为正确答案。
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